Author Archives: Destiny Vega

Period Recap

Destiny Vega

May 2020

            There are many elements that we can see within the eighteenth century. Historical and Literary are our most common elements that are seen in the literature that we have read. I think a majority of what we read is all connected to each other in one way. I also think that what we have read also connects with us in our real life. One connection that can be seen almost everything is slavery and racism. We could see this within Oroonoko and the story about his life. There was a part in the story where Alphra Behn writes, “He was adorned with a native beauty, so transcending all those of his gloomy race that he struck an awe and reverence even into those that knew not his quality; as he did into me, who beheld him with surprise and wonder, when afterward he arrived in our world.” This quote is important to what we learned and to the connection because though her words are trying to come off as normal, they are in fact racist. Behn is telling her readers that despite the color of his skin and his physical feature he is still beautiful. This is something that the black community hears often today in our society. Comments like “you’re pretty for a black girl,” are laced with racism because it is being said with the belief that people of color are not automatically beautiful. People assume that a person of color need other qualities to make them beautiful or pretty and that it is not simply just them.

            This reminds me of the poem On Being Brought from Africa to America. The speaker in the poem talks about how the Christian community views African Americans. She rejects the notion of racism because in her eyes all people are equal under the eyes of God. It is her way of saying that despite different shades of skin tones we all bleed the same way. Phyllis Wheatley writes “Some view our sable race with scornful eye, / ‘their colour is a diabolic die.’” A lot of people look down on African Americans because of the color of their skin. They believe that they are a creation of the devil. This goes back to the ideology that people of color are not deemed beautiful because of their skin. Wheatly also uses the word “sable” which is often used to describe an animal. This is often how white people view African Americans. They never considered people of color as human and used a word that emphasized on African Americans being savages. I think is an important takeaway because this is an issue that we are still having in the word today. There is a big difference between how white people and people of color are described. For example, when we think about the recent protests going on against COVID, majority of the protesters are white. We are being told that they hold no threat to us and that they are allowed to protest. However, when people were protesting for the Black Lives Matter movement, they were being abused and arrested. What we are reading is important for everyone to read because although the world is a better place now than it was before, we are still having similar problems. 

            Another major connection throughout the stories we’ve read is the notion of inequality. Mary Wollstoncraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, was a book that was written about bettering women’s status in society. She believed that men and women should be treated equally. This is something that is still talked about today. Women face inequalities in every aspect of their lives. Women live in a world where patriarchal standards are normal and accepted. Many women grow up believing that they have to live under traditional gender roles. Wollstonecraft writes “I wish to persuade women to endeavor to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to convince them, that the soft phrases, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are almost synonymous with epithets of weakness, and that those beings who are only the objects of pity and that kind of love, which has been termed its sister, will soon become objects of contempt.” She wants women to live to their full extent and be all that they could be. She did not want women to be subjected to having to live with traditional gender roles. She saw potential in every person regardless of gender. It’s unfortunate that women still have to live like this. This is something that has been going on for a long time and still has long ways to go before they gain the equality Wollstonecraft wrote about. 

            One of the more recently discussed topics recently was Metafiction and how it’s important to the class. In order to explore this idea, we had to read Northanger Abby by Jane Austen. The purpose of metafiction is to deliberately make the reader aware that what they are reading is fictional. I think this is important because it forces the reader to distinguish between reality and fiction. We aren’t allowed to fall into the fictional world because once we think that we are, we are pulled right back out by the author. “The company began to disperse when the dancing was over… and now was the time for a heroine, who had not yet played a very distinguished part in the events of the evening, to be noticed and admired.” This line pulls us away from the story and forces us to acknowledge that what we are reading is not real. It is telling us that the character is the heroine without us making that this distinction for ourselves. This is important because given our time in the world today we need to be able to tell the difference between what’s real and what isn’t. Sometimes we need to have a firm grasp on reality so we are not fed lies. 

Reading Communities

                        I have lived in New York City my whole life. Of course, I visited a lot of other places and visited family in different states, but I never lived anywhere else. One of the biggest things about living in the city is that we do not have an opportunity to always engage with each other or even the world around us. I think that with everything going on with the pandemic and the lockdown, it really gives us a chance to appreciate what is around us. When I think about our current situation, I am reminded of Wordsworth poem The World is Too Much with Us. The speaker in the poem is angry that people do not know how to connect with the world anymore. Our society is solely focused on technology and making money. I think that this is part of our history but also a part of current state and the future. In our history, the world was focusing on advancing that I don’t think that appreciated the world around them much. Given our world today, I am trying to appreciate what’s around me because I never realized it “existed” before. 

            Wordsworth writes “The world is too much with us; late and soon, / Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;— / Little we see in Nature that is ours; / We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon.” I think the speaker is saying that we have lost touch with the world around us and we don’t see anything anymore. I agree with him because New York is known as a place that is constantly on the move and no one interacts with other anymore. We as people, have lost our connection to nature and what it truly means to live in the moment. This poem sits heavily with me because I live in a city where people are too busy to create relationships with others. I think people are blinded by material things that we can’t find the beauty in what life has to offer us. I understand why the speaker is angry in the poem, we lost what it means to be a human being and we are not fully loving and caring about what is around us. 

            This is very broad, but the poem also reminds me of a movie I watched called P.S. I Love You. The story focuses on a widowed woman who receives letters from her late husband during different times in her life to help her rebuild her life. Each letter she receives in summary, tells her to appreciate what is around and to not be afraid of making connections or building relationships. She wants to close herself and focus on his death and she forgets that there is still a world out there, a beautiful one that is waiting for her. I think that is also what our relationship is like with technology. We are so consumed by it that we forget what it means to build a meaningful connection and have the physical interaction. Unfortunately, we are not able to make that connection with the pandemic, but I think that it allows us to appreciate more of what we don’t have. Reading these poems and books have really meant something to me as a student living in New York City and I’m really glad I had the opportunity to read it.

Critical Annotation

Destiny Vega

“…but in the water, one would think they were gods of the rivers, or fellow-citizens of the deep; so rare an art they have in swimming, diving, and almost living in water; by which they command the less swift inhabitants of the floods.”

Aphra Behn used the literary element of figurative language in this quote. Behn is saying something other than the literal meaning of the words. She uses phrases as “god of rivers” to show us that they were able to handle the water and swim or hunt in amazing ways that many people were able to do. This is important because it shows us how they were able to survive and hunt for food. 

“It is not titles make men brave or good, or birth that bestows courage.”

This quote by Aphra Behn stood out to be because she I believe that she is saying that Oroonoka is considered noble and a hero is because of his title. If he did not have the title he probably would not be considered that. This is important she emphasizes that people who do not have titles have more of an opportunity to be courageous because they have no titles. What we are born as does not automatically because us “brave or good” it is somethings that we have to prove. 

“The King of Coramantien was himself a man of an hundred and odd years old, and had no son, though he had many beautiful black wives: for most certainly there are beauties that can charm of that color.”

Aphra Behn uses characterization in this quote to shows us that the King of Coramantien is a patriarchal figure in his society that lives by this hierarchy. He has many wives who are old and young because he knows he can have them and take them for his own. He is a wicked man and generally does not care about others in his society and he proves this when he Imoinda from Ooronoko. 

“They have plurality of wives; which, when they grow old, serve those that succeed ’em, who are young, but with a servitude easy and respected; and unless they take slaves in war, they have no other attendants.”

Behn used the literary element of plot to shows us what happened or happens in the story. I think this quote is important to the story because I think it shows us the ways of which royals learn from the white men. They have many wives and have no care. This is the relationship that white men have with there women and it is something that is taught. 

“He was adorned with a native beauty, so transcending all those of his gloomy race that he struck an awe and reverence even into those that knew not his quality; as he did into me, who beheld him with surprise and wonder, when afterwards he arrived in our world.”

I believe that in this quote Aphra Behn is emphasizing on racism. I feel as if she is describing the King in a way that is racist. To me she is writing that he is beautiful despite the color of his skin and physical features. She is writing he is unlike anyone else in race and has qualities that are worthy to note. What is being said, in my eyes, is not kind but rather rude. 

Archival Project

Destiny Vega

March 2020

Professor Rumore

English 302

Newspapers and Artwork

Slavery is taught in every country of our world. It was a system that was in place that allowed people to own, buy and sell other individuals. A slave did not have any say in how they were treated and where they would end up. More often than not, they were considered less than human. In America, we learn a lot about slavery because it is part of our history. Our past was known for buying and selling enslaved people for their personal use. In Oroonoko by Aphra Behn we learn about a slave who was the last royal descendant of an African country called Coramantien. This country participated in the trans-Atlantic slave trade that sold prisoners of war to western ships. “Those who want slaves makes a bargain with a master or a captain of a ship, and contract to pay him so much apiece, a matter of twenty pound a head for for as many as he agrees for, and to pay for them when they shall be delivered on such a plantation” (12). The buying and selling of slaves was normalized and was done as an everyday interaction.

Newspapers were objects that were used during this time to advertise and promote the buying and selling of enslaved people. There was Act in America that stated that the purchase of slaves needed to be advertised in the newspapers. For instance, in Tennessee, the act stated that “… whose duty it shall be to sell any lands or negroes, under, or by virtue of any execution, order, judgment or decree of a court …to advertise and publish such sale or sales, at least three different times, in some newspaper printed and published in the county…” (93). Slaves were treated as objects instead of human beings. They were not considered people and believed that the trading of slaves was an advantage for the country. This was a system that was put in place to be used against people of color. They were treated like objects and were sold or paraded around like cars and food. This Act truly shows what it was like during this time period.

Art is another object that is used to represent the slave trade. Although slavery went on to a time when photography came about, art was used as a way to depict slavery. Some enslaved people did not know how to read or write so they used art as form of expression. Art is still used today to depict the conditions that slaves had to endure. There are many pieces of art that show us what is was really like during the time of the slave trade. For instance, there is a painting that shows slaves below the deck of a ship “… with its plan of symmetrically distributed slaves all lying on their backs, segregated by sex, was part of Thomas Clarkson’s campaign against the slave trade…” (25). This is important because it allows us to get a visual representation of what is being described. The paintings show us what actually happened and is a lot of power like words do. This relates to The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano because in chapter two, we get his account of being forced on to a slave ship and we read about the horrible conditions. Slavery is a part of our history and newspapers and artwork expose us and educate us on what happened.

Slavery is something that should not be forgotten and will never be forgotten. It has impacted our country in many different ways and it unfortunately part of our history. Having news articles and artwork from this era truly allows us to fully grasp the horror of it all. Sometimes we need visual representations to show us how enslaved people were treated. Having different artifacts and objects lets us understand the past. Sometimes it can be good to see artworks and real newspapers because it doesn’t allow us to easily dismiss what was a part of our history. Slavery will continue to always be taught and it is great that we have objects to provide us with visual representation.

“An Act requiring the sale of Lands or Slaves to be advertised in a newspaper.” Tennessee – 31st General Assembly, 1st Session, p. 93-95. HeinOnline, https://heinonline-org.lehman.ezproxy.cuny.edu/HOL/P?h=hein.slavery/ssactstn0186&i=1.

Bury, Stephen. “REPRESENTING SLAVERY: ART, ARTEFACTS AND ARCHIVES IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM BY DOUGLAS HAMILTON & ROBERT J BLYTH (EDS.” Art Book, vol. 15, no. 3, 2008, pp. 24–26.